When we think about the relationships of indigenous peoples with nature, we must be aware, first and foremost, that nature does not present itself homogeneously but is composed of a very diverse variety of ecosystems.
When contemplating the approximately 560 indigenous lands in Brazil, we must consider that each of these lands is situated in characteristic ecological systems. Thus, we can say that the environment and its varied ecosystems must be recognized as a generating factor in the cultural process of indigenous societies, as the indigenous peoples and their social organizations 
had to develop adaptation strategies to each of these ecosystems in order to obtain the means necessary for their survival.
If we consider the Amazon Region, we can talk about, among other ecosystems, the Brazil nut forests, vine forests, floodplains, igapó forests, dry land savannas, blackwater rivers, and upland forests, etc. Each of these ecosystems provides the indigenous peoples with a particular form of management, in order to optimize the acquisition of 
the resources necessary for their well-being.
Traditionally, indigenous societies did not settle in the same territory for long periods. Indigenous villages were organized considering the quantity, quality, and spatial distribution of the resources essential for the development of their communities.
The indigenous peoples living in the basins of blackwater rivers know that the igapó forests represent an important refuge for various species of fish, which 
find food and suitable conditions for spawning. For this reason, the indigenous peoples avoid planting their crops in this ecosystem so as not to disturb the development of the life cycle of these species, which constitute their main source of animal protein. By drawing attention to the observation of the various ecosystems and how their peculiar characteristics influence the social organization of indigenous peoples, their demographic distribution, and their technology, we are not saying that the cultural development of these societies is determined by the environment. We are merely emphasizing the idea that each ecosystem presents possibilities and limitations, requiring different adaptive responses from the indigenous peoples.
Source: www.museudoindio.gov.br