Autumn has just arrived, bringing with it the cold and dry air. During this time of year, special care must be taken with certain illnesses, as the characteristics of the climate favor their emergence and spread.
Infectious diseases are among them, which can be transmitted 
mainly by viruses and bacteria. These microorganisms enter the body, infecting it through droplets dispersed in the air and also through contact with contaminated surfaces.
People with weakened immunity, such as the elderly and those with chronic illnesses, as well as those with immature immunity, namely children, are the most affected. However, 
patients using medications that depress immunity, such as chemotherapy and corticosteroids, are also very vulnerable.
Among the most common illnesses during autumn, influenza stands out. To try to reduce the number of infections, people should be encouraged to get vaccinated, especially the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic diseases.
Vaccination has significantly decreased the incidence of this illness. However, it is worth noting that it does not make an individual immune to all types of influenza viruses. Therefore, if a person comes into contact with a 
strain of the virus for which they have not been vaccinated, the disease can develop.
Another detail relates to the confusion that exists in identifying influenza and the common cold. Influenza is caused by the influenza virus and has more severe symptoms, including high fever, body aches, headaches, and prostration, in addition to cough and 
runny nose. Some cases can progress and become very serious, with lung inflammation and great difficulty breathing.
The common cold is usually milder. There may or may not be fever, and it is common for the patient to have a cough, runny nose, nasal congestion, and sore throat. It is caused by various types of viruses such as rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus.
Tips to reduce the risks of contracting illnesses and have a healthy and energetic autumn:
• Drink plenty of water. Many respiratory illnesses are caused by dryness in the airways due to the cold air. Viruses and bacteria can settle and cause illness. Keep the airways 
always lubricated;
• Avoid closed spaces. The lack of air circulation prevents any suspended viruses and bacteria from remaining in the environment and settling on individuals;
• Get the flu vaccine. This vaccine should be taken annually, as the virus changes each season;
• Always wash your hands. Effective hygiene habits, such as frequently washing hands, avoiding touching the eyes, mouth, and nose with “dirty” hands; washing hands before handling food; using disposable tissues to clean and blow your nose; covering your mouth when coughing, etc. Hand hygiene prevents the transmission of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, such as diarrhea;
• Children, the elderly, pregnant women, and the sick are particularly sensitive to sudden temperature changes, and you should pay attention to them. Children, the elderly, pregnant women, and the sick should avoid large crowds and exposure to other sick individuals;
• Eat well. A balanced diet should be maintained throughout the year and plays an important role in the body’s immunity. Prefer fruits, vegetables, greens, grains, and lean meats;
• Clothing should be appropriate for the temperature. When it is colder, it is recommended to dress warmly.
Sources: www.maisequilibrio.com.br and www.criasaude.com.br.
By Marisa Walsick from MBPress