The specific objectives of the Marine Park are to preserve the ecosystem; protect the Aruanã turtle; ensure the reproduction and growth of the Spinner dolphin; and protect the region’s corals.
Shortly after its discovery in 1503 by Amerigo Vespucci, several negative impacts occurred in the Park, such as the deforestation of about 95% of the original vegetation, the introduction of animals and plants, litter, free-roaming domestic animals on the island, hunting, fishing, among others.
The vegetation of the islands includes Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Pine Forest, and Restinga. The vegetation is mainly shrubby to herbaceous with many invasive species. In comparison to other Brazilian marine vegetation, it is poor in diversity.
The avifauna is rich, and some species are migratory or 
visitors. As for the marine fauna, there are records of various corals and hydrocorals.
On the main island, there has been disordered occupation, wood extraction, introduction of exotic fauna and flora, construction of dams, airports, and roads, exploitation of a quarry, and almost total destruction of the only mangrove in the archipelago.
The conservation unit is essential for protecting the scenic beauty of the archipelago, the avifauna, marine fauna, and specifically turtles, dolphins, and corals, and it has no partnership agreements.
Originating from relatively modern volcanic processes, these islands constitute important peaks of the mid-Atlantic ridge, 
a chain of submerged mountains that divides the Atlantic Ocean in half and extends from Antarctica to the Arctic, over a distance of more than 15,000 kilometers.
The Fernando de Noronha archipelago consists of six larger islands: Fernando de Noronha, Rata, Maio, Lucena, Sela Gineta, and Rasa, as well as fourteen practically inaccessible islets. The only inhabited island is Fernando de Noronha, the largest of all, but even there, there are no perennial watercourses in the area, only streams like Boldró, Maceió, and Molungu, which dry up every year during the dry season.
Under the crystal-clear and deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean, a true underwater paradise presents itself in the form of extensive coral reefs, where lobsters find protection to spawn. The abundance of crustaceans is 
accompanied by schools of dolphins, in a constant and joyful evolution, and a great variety of sharks and other large fish. They coexist harmoniously with schools of colorful little fish, such as cocorocas, sargentinhos, and frades-reais.
From January to May, the sea turtle lays eggs on some beaches of Fernando de Noronha, while in Dolphin Bay, these cetaceans can be seen most of the day, throughout the year. There, they mate, raise their young, and perform their aquatic ballet. The birds are represented by the white widowbird, entirely white except for the eyes, legs, and beak, which are black, the black widowbird, frigatebird, and the elegant reed warbler.
Another spectacle is the flight of the small sebito, which inhabits only the wooded areas of the Island, and no other place in the world.
Source: www.portalsaofrancisco.com.br and www.brasilturismo.com